1.
Therapeutic Trials In Helminthic Diarrhoea Of Sheep And Goats
by Muhammad Ijaz | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Dr.Kamran | Dr.Muhammad Avais | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2007Dissertation note: Sheep and goats, although representing an important source of animal protein in third world countries such as Pakistan, seem to have benefited little from veterinary care and production improvement. Although adapted to local climatic and nutritional conditions, economic production of small ruminants is hampered by infectious and parasitic diseases coupled with inadequate management.
A study of gastrointestinal helminthes of sheep and goats in Lahore has been conducted, covering a period of 3 month (September to November, 2007). During this study the infection rate of GIT helminthes that causing diarrhoea in sheep and goat was studied a total of 300 animals (n=l 50 sheep, n1 50 goats). The animals presented at the Outdoor Hospital, LXepartment of Clinical Medicine and Surgery (CMS) and various private and government hospitals were examined for the presence of helminthes. The faecal samples were collected and examined by Direct Smear Method and Salt Flotation technique for the presence of helrninth eggs, where as McMaster technique was used for EPG count to determine the drug efficacy. The result of present study revealed an overall infection rate of GIT Helminthes (66.34%) in sheep and goats. When compared the infection rate of GIT Helminthes in animals species it was found that the infection rate of GIT Helminthes is higher in sheep (70.67%) as compared to goats (62%). When compared the class wise infection rate of GIT Helminthes in sheep, an increased infection rate of Nematodes (54.67%) was observed followed by Trematodes (14.67%) and Cestodes (1.34%). Similar patten was observed in case of goats for Nematodes (48%), Trematodes (10%) and Cestodes (4%). Following species of helminthes were recovered and identified.
Haemonch us con tortus Strongylus papillosus, Trichiuris globulosa, Trichostrongylus spp. Ostertagia circumcinta.
Two species of Trematode and oae species of Cestode was recorded during the present study that was Fasciola hepatica, Cotylophoron cotylophorum and Mon iezia expansa, respectively. Among the Nematodes Haemonchus contortus was recorded to be the highest in sheep and goats with an incidence of (40%) and (28%), respectively followed by other Nernatodes of sheep, Strongylus papillosus (4%), Trichiuris globulosa (2.67%), Ostertagia circurncinta (2.67%), Trichostrongylus spp (1.34%), respectively. Trematodes and Cestodes recorded in sheep were Fasciola hepatica (14.67%), Cotylophoron cotylophoruin (4%) and Moniezia expansa (1.34%), respectively. The Nematodes species of goats were found as Haemonchus contortus (28%), Strongylus papillosus (6%), Trichiuris globulosa (4.67%), Trichostrongylus spp (1.34%). Ostertagia circuincinta (2.67%). Trernatodes species in goats was Fasciola hepatica (10%), Cotylophoron cotylophoron (6.67%) and Cestodes were Moniezia expansa (4%).
The efficacy of Ricobendazole (albendazole sulphoxide) was reported to be (67%), (90%) and (98%) at day 3, 7 and 14, respectively. The efficacy of Ricobendazole was higher than Albcndazole (47%), (88%) and (96%) at day 3, 7 and 14, respectively. Lowest efficacy of Garlic powder against helminth parasites was reported as (8%), (16%) and (2 1%) at day 3, 7 and 14, respectively. When compared day wise as well group wise efficacy of Albendazole, Ricobendazole and Garlic powder shows the significant difference (p<O.O5) was reported among the groups. Ricobendazole reduced the EPG significantly followed by Albendazole and Garlic powder compared with control positive group.
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2.
A Study On Mastitis In Pregnant And Non Pregnant Cattle And Comparative Clinical Trials At Bahadur Nagar
by Sajid Mehmood | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Dr.Muhammad Avais | Prof.Dr.Muham | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2008Dissertation note: Mastitis is a mutifactorial disease-complex resulting from pathogenic- host-environment interaction. The local information on the epidemiological dimensions of mastitis in Pakistan is extremely inadequate. This information is imperative for planning an intervention strategy for this costly dairy disease. All immunization procedures developed against the disease have been remained unsuccessful due to multiple etiological agents. The aim of present project was to study the incidence of sub-clinical and clinical mastitis in pregnant and non pregnant cattle at Livestock Experimental Station, Bahadur Nagar and to conduct the comparative clinical effectiveness of parentral and intramammary treatment routes. The incidence of clinical mastitis at Bahadur Nagar, Okara was 18.6 % (56/300) and incidence of sub-clinical mastitis was 3 1 .6% (89/300). Research was conducted to determine the association of some host, management and housing determinants with clinical mastitis in cattle. Analysis of data showed that the relative risk for clinical mastitis increased with the increment of age. Similarly the chances of occurance of mastitis increased with increase in lactation number and stage of lactation. The length of dry period during the preceding gestation was inversely proportion to the risk for clinical mastitis.
The managemental data showed that risk factor for mastitis was maximum with calf stimulus. Teat dipping found to be an important measure to prevent from mastitis..
When housing data was analysed it was found that risk was maximum for the animals kept on brick floor and minimum for those kept on katcha floor. Risk for clinical mastitis was higher in animals kept with uneven surfaces. The relative risk gradually decreased when the frequency of dung removal increased.
The misuse of antibiotics at low level over longer period may cause the therapeutic failure and the development of drug resistant (uni-or multi-resistant) strains of staphylococci and other bacteria. Therefore, regular studies on the antibiotic sensitivity of the bacterial isolates are needed for the effective and economical treatment of the disease. For this purpose milk sample was examined by Whiteside test. Clinically positive naturally infected animals was divided into four groups A, B, C and D. Group A, B, C was treated with Enrofloxacin (Encure-l0, Nawan Laboratories, Karachi) l/M, Enrofloxacin (Encure-l0, Nawan Laboratories, Karachi) 1/Mm, Enrofloxacin (Encure-l0, Nawan Laboratories, Karachi) I/M and I/Mm respectively and group D acted as positive control. Another group E, comprised of healthy non infected animals acted as negative control. The efficacy of drugs was evaluated on the basis of clinical recovery of the animals and Whiteside test pretreatment and post treatment results. It was found that best route of treatment was intramammary route. It was also found that clinical as well as sub-clinical mastitis was more prevalent in non pregnant but lactating animals than that of pregnant animals.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1009,T] (1).
